Full Form of LED:
Light Emitting Diode
LED Full Form is Light Emitting Diode. LED is a semiconductor device which gives out light with the help of an electric current. It came into existence in 1962 when it was utilized as indicators. Currently, it has evolved with the expanding technology and is being used for all sort of lightings due to its substantial benefits and energy efficiency.
Though during the initial days LEDs were targeted more for military, aerospace and commercial industries. With their ability to bring down maintenance costs significantly, they have gained substantial acceptance in all fields of lighting requirements. LEDs offer series of benefits including Range of voltage options, Low heat output, Reduced light pollution, Prolonged lifespan, Less maintenance, Reduced energy bills,Adjustable dim/dip control, Shock resistance, etc.
LED Full Form – Additional Information
Light, a natural element that allows us to perceive by means of our eyes. It is essential to our existence and development and therefore, technology takes a keen interest in the scientific development of light. There are two types of sources of light: Natural Sources and Artificial sources. It is easy to name examples in each of these two categories, as we have known about them since elementary school though not in detail.
Sun, stars, etc they are natural sources of light whereas street lamps, candles, fire, incandescent bulbs, etc are artificial sources of light. Many scientific studies have been conducted in these areas and a lot of development has occurred. As technology advanced, many variants of artificial sources surfaced, with better-integrated technologies. Incandescent is one of the oldest variants of artificial sources and was used quite commonly in the last decade. However, worries rose because of lower efficiency standards of these bulbs and thus, consumers started switching to electric bulbs that offered greater efficiency at a cheaper rate.
Besides this, the environmental movement has already taken the pace and called for reliable involvement from industries. All these factors helped cost-efficient, better-performing light sources to become more popular among consumers. One such light source is the LED, which stands for Light Emitting Diode. It is characterized as a two-lead semiconductor that is technically a p-n junction diode, which radiates out the light when activated.
When the leads are supplied with sufficient voltage, the recombination of electrons with the electron holes occurs within the device that leads to the emission of energy in the form of photons. The consequential effect has a scientific term electroluminescence, which could be understood as an electrical phenomenon where a substance emits light when an electric current passes through it. The energy band gap present on the semiconductor is responsible for the color of the light emitted.
LED is not a just another variant of the light source but has come down with better, efficient technological incorporations that have helped in not only producing a reliable light source but also conserving electricity, which is an essential source for mankind. Thus, there are some points one must know about LEDs before rejecting them as mere electric bulbs.
Discoveries and related developments of LED:
LEDs work on the phenomenon already mentioned and that is electroluminescence. Electroluminescence was discovered in the year 1907 by the English experimenter H.J. Round, who used a crystal made of silicon carbide and a cat’s whisker detector for the same. However, it was only in the year 1927 that the world was introduced to its first LED. Oleg Losev, a researcher from the erstwhile Soviet Union, created it. Though after this discovery little progress was made over its properties and uses in the following couple of years and it was only 1951 that the three scientists namely, Kurt Leovec, Carl Accardo, and Edward Jamgochian exhibited some of the features of LED.
Later in the year 1957, Rubin Braunsttein of the Radio Corporation of America demonstrated that LEDs can be used for short distance non-radio communication. In 1962, Nick Holonyak, Jr., developed the first visible-spectrum LED, when he worked at General Electric Company. This LED was red in color. Later on, the first yellow LED was developed by M. George Craford in the year 1972. Soon after, further developments were made in LED technology. T.P. Pearsall developed semiconductor materials with greater optical fiber transmission wavelengths, leading to the creation of the world’s first high brightness and efficiency LEDs for optical fiber communications.
Working principle of the LED:
The working principle demonstrates how a particular device functions. While studying any device, it is important to understand the underlying working principles that govern its functions and properties. Thus, for the purpose of better understanding and appreciation of the working of LED technology, the working principle is necessary.
As mentioned earlier, the two-lead semiconductor is actually a p-n junction diode and it is this diode that does all the working. It converts the absorbed light energy into an electric current but in an LED, it functions in a reverse fashion. It converts electrical energy into light energy, resulting in the phenomenon electroluminescence. There is then a recombination of electrons in a forward based P-N junction, particularly in the P region.
These electrons are conduction band of the energy levels whereas the holes with which these electrons combine are in the valence energy band. The latter’s energy levels are lesser than the former’s and thus, some energy is needed to be released in order to cause the recombination. This energy so released is in the form of light and heat.
Lifetime of LED:
One of the indicators of good performance is the lifetime. The longer a device lives, the better it is considered. The lifetime of any device depends on upon its internal characteristics and external factors, which together determine how long a device can sustain its utility.
LED depends on temperatures, which determine its performance to a great extent. While LEDs are less susceptible to tampering but only if, they are operated at fewer currents and temperatures. Even though the life span generally ranges from 25k to 100 k hours but it may vary considerably according to the heat and current supply. Since LEDs significantly depend on temperatures, the optimal temperature is considered 25 degree Celsius or 77 degrees Fahrenheit.
However, LED technologies used in street lamps may prove to be less efficient because of the exposure to differential temperatures and currents. LED technology is considered best suited for freezing lighting because they can save much of the refrigeration costs. Failures are not that uncommon among LEDs, particularly those relating tardy reduction of light generation and efficient performance.
Safety issues with LED:
LEDs are generally regarded as safe under all normal uses. Most of these LEDs are categorized as “Class 1 LED Product” or “LED Klasse 1”. LED products with these labels are safest all of LEDs. It is only a few LEDs, particularly highly bright LEDs, that could possibly cause temporary blindness but that has not yet been proven. These highly bright LEDs are tagged as “Class 2” The Laser Safety regulations have covered the use of Class 1 and Class LEDs.
LEDs do not contain mercury and that is why they are generally preferred over fluorescent lamps but they do contain other harmful substances such as arsenic, lead, etc. Studies have been conducted on the possible harmful effects of the use of LED technologies and they show that LEDs do not generally pose a threat to safety and health but low-intensity red LEDs do pose hazardous effects.
Advantages of using LED technology:
LED is a highly efficient technology that has come into a rampant use since the beginning of 21st century. Many characteristics of LED make it a favored technological option to not only industrialists and scientists but also ordinary people. Some of the advantages appended to LED are:
- The efficiency of LED is an asset to the technology, as a typical LED gives out more lumens per watt than a typical incandescent bulb. Its efficiency remains unaffected with its size and shape, which greatly affect the performance of incandescent or other kinds of bulbs.
- LEDs come in very small sizes, around 2 mm or smaller and they can be conveniently attached in tiny places.
- Incandescent bulbs are vulnerable to sudden failures whereas such failures are rarely reported in LEDs. LEDs gradually lose their light over time.
- LEDs enjoy a longer life span than fluorescent and incandescent bulbs. While a typical incandescent bulb can last for 1k to 2k hours approximately, an LED can last for more than 25 k hours.
- Incandescent bulbs produce a large amount of heat and therefore cause unnecessary wastage of energy. LEDs produce very little heat and are, therefore, more oriented towards energy saving.
Disadvantages of using LED technology:
We have extensively dealt with the various benefits attached with the use of LED technology. However, nothing can be perfect and there are always some or the other defects. LED too has many disadvantages in its kitty. Some of its disadvantages are as follows:
- While LEDs have become cheaper with time, they are still more expensive than typical lighting devices. The high costs stem from relatively low lumen output.
- LEDs are sensitive to varying voltage settings. Their lifetime is greatly affected by changes in the voltage settings and therefore, they require a regulated supply of current in order to ensure efficient performance.
- LEDs attract more insects than conventionally used bulbs and this can be a great nuisance to consumers of such technology.
- LEDs cannot be used for traffic regulation during snowy winters because they produce less heat and therefore, they can be easily shrouded by snow or become invisible in foggy conditions.
- LEDs largely depend on temperatures. In fact, their performance is inversely proportional to operating temperatures. Differential temperatures can greatly affect their overall performance by reducing their life span. Use of LED in hot temperatures may cause the device to fail.
LED Full Form: Local Economic Development
Full Form of LED stands for Local Economic Development. It is an approach to the economic development, which offers opportunities to private sectors, non-profit sectors, and the local government and communities to work together towards the economic growth. The prime objective is to boost competitiveness and increase sustainable growth. As the name indicates, Local Economic Development highlights the significance of activities towards economic growth in districts, cities, and regions. The aim is to focus on economic growth at the micro level to benefit the macro level.
The practice of LED is undertaken in various scales depending on the geography. Any given local government adopts LED strategies to benefit its own jurisdiction and community. LED also involves public participation by including various stakeholders’ concerns and views as a part of the planning process. This makes strategies more practical and applicable.
Some of the key approaches to Local Economic Development are – to ensure the functionality of the local investment climate to suit local businesses; to invest in physical infrastructure and soft infrastructure including workforce, education, regulatory issues, etc; and to support a growth of targeted clusters of business that contribute to the economic development. The World Bank has been offering huge support to various local governments and client cities in terms of analysis, strategies, and financing the infrastructure for urban districts.
Full Form of LED: Local Employment Dynamics
LED Full Form refers to Local Employment Dynamics. LED or Local Employment Dynamics is a partnership between the U.S. Census Bureau and the state labor market data agencies. The partnership is to develop new data about the local job market conditions with absolute confidentiality and without any additional respondent burden. LED provides historical and time-sensitive demographic information; locations of various industries; listing of the industries that propose to hire new employees; demographic figures of salary; details of workers by age, gender, and industry. It also provides the economic trends of the workers by sex, age, county, state, and WSA.
Some examples of the Local Employment Dynamics that are used by decision makers include; measurement of worker turnover; wages of workers in every industry by geography; and the density of workforce in each industry. QWI or Quarterly Workforce Indicators is an essential tool for LED. QWI refers to the series of economic indicators that include wages, job creation, worker turnover, etc. by county, state, and metro. QWI is available only for states that are partnered with LED and is purely built on wage records. LED partnership works towards filling the gap of critical data and provide information on workplace indicators required by the local and state authorities.
LED Full Form: Love Equals Death
Full Form of LED refers to Love Equals Death (band). It is a punk rock band of Petaluma, California. The music of the troop had an influence of horror punk and classic rock. Love Equals Death was formed first formed in 2003 with a release of a studio album and a compilation album – the two EPs. From then the band went around performing all over the United States. The initial lineup of the band consisted of guitarist John Rosser; vocalist Chon Travis; drummer Tonio Garcia-Romero; and bassist Dominic Davi.
The ensemble recorded their complete album ‘Nightmerica’ in 2005 November, which was released in 2006. Later the band faced some eventualities and incidents of arrest of one of the members. Some of the members were replaced and the orchestra continued to perform till 2008. Finally, in April 2008, the band announced their breakup. Their popular music videos were; ‘The Outsiders’ in 2008; ‘Pray for me’ in 2006; ‘Bombs Over Brooklyn’ in 2006; and Truth has Failed in 2007. After the breakup in 2008, artists Jordon, Duffs, and Kelly-Holden had formed a new band called ‘Good Knives’ with Shaun Phillips as the singer. They made use of the songs of Love Equals Death albums. Eventually, even this band was disintegrated.
Full Form of LED: Louisiana Economic Development
LED Full Form stands for Louisiana Economic Development. Louisiana Economic Development is in charge of intensifying the business environment and creating a more vibrant economy in the state. The state has a huge network of EDO or Economic Development Organizations and allies, which are dedicated to help the community to maintain and grow the business. LED operates with a vision of having consistency in boosting economic opportunity and job creation. LED works with local and regional economic development organizations; police juries; municipalities; and has a statewide partnership with various economic and business associations.
To achieve the mission, LED has its own set of strategies such as; improving competitiveness in state economy and communities; identify and cultivate the best economic development tools in every part of the state; have a keen focus on business expansion and retention; develop robust workforce; and cultivate entrepreneurship, innovation, and small businesses.
Various publications highlighted the progressive development of Louisiana’s economy in 2014. The state entered the top 10 list of DCI’s state business climate. There are various teams focused on the business and economic development; project and product management; business expansion and retention; new business development; research and engineering services; etc. that have a direct impact on the economical growth of the state and the country.